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stone adder - translation to russian

ARITHMETIC LOGIC CIRCUIT

Kogge-Stone; Kogge-Stone Adder; Kogge-Stone adder; Kogge & Stone adder; Kogge & Stone; Kogge–Stone Adder; Kogge–Stone; Kogge Stone Adder; Kogge Stone adder; Sparse Kogge Stone Adder; Sparse Kogge Stone adder; Sparse Kogge–Stone adder; Sparse Kogge-Stone adder

stone adder

общая лексика

австралийский геккон (Diplodactylus)

serial adder

Serial adder; Serial binary subtracter; Serial binary adders; Bit-serial adder; Binary serial adder

общая лексика

сумматор последовательного дейстия

сумматор последовательный

imperial stone

INFORMAL UNIT OF MEASURE EQUAL TO 14 POUNDS AVOIRDUPOIS

Stone (weight); Stone (mass); Stone (Imperial mass); Stone (imperial mass); Stone (measurement); Imperial stone

[ɪm,pɪərɪəl'stəun]

общая лексика

имперский, английский или британский стон или стоун

синоним

stone

Definition

Стонхендж

(Stonehenge)

одна из крупнейших мегалитических построек (см. Мегалиты), находится в Великобритании у г. Солсбери. Состоит из трёх возведённых в разное время на том же месте сооружений. Первое датируется 1900-1700 до н. э. и состоит из круглого земляного вала и рва диаметром 97,5 м. Внутри вала находятся ямки (часть с трупосожжениями). Второе датируется 1700-1550 до н. э., состоит из двух концентрических кругов камней (38 пар), вертикально поставленных внутри древнего вала. К нему ведёт земляная дорога. Третье датируется 1500-1400 до н. э. и состоит из вертикально врытых в землю тёсаных камней высотой до 8,5 м, массой до 28 т и лежащих на них каменных плит, образующих замкнутый круг диаметром 30 м. Внутри этого круга находятся 5 трилитов (2 камня, покрытые сверху каменной плитой), окружающих горизонтально лежащий т. н. алтарный камень. С. - несомненно древний храм, возможно, связанный с культом солнца и символизирующий небесный круг. Некоторые исследователи (Дж. Хокинс) считают, что С. являлся также древней астрономической обсерваторией.

Лит.: Atkinson R. J., Stonehenge, [Harmondsworth, I960]; Хокинс Дж., Уайт Дж., Разгадка тайны Стоунхенджа, пер. с англ., М., 1973.

Трилиты из Стонхенджа.

Show more definitions

Wikipedia

Kogge–Stone adder

In computing, the Kogge–Stone adder (KSA or KS) is a parallel prefix form carry look-ahead adder. Other parallel prefix adders (PPA) include the Sklansky adder (SA), Brent–Kung adder (BKA), the Han–Carlson adder (HCA), the fastest known variation, the Lynch–Swartzlander spanning tree adder (STA), Knowles adder (KNA) and Beaumont-Smith adder (BSA).

The Kogge–Stone adder takes more area to implement than the Brent–Kung adder, but has a lower fan-out at each stage, which increases performance for typical CMOS process nodes. However, wiring congestion is often a problem for Kogge–Stone adders. The Lynch–Swartzlander design is smaller, has lower fan-out, and does not suffer from wiring congestion; however to be used the process node must support Manchester carry chain implementations. The general problem of optimizing parallel prefix adders is identical to the variable block size, multi level, carry-skip adder optimization problem, a solution of which is found in Thomas Lynch's thesis of 1996.

An example of a 4-bit Kogge–Stone adder is shown in the diagram. Each vertical stage produces a "propagate" and a "generate" bit, as shown. The culminating generate bits (the carries) are produced in the last stage (vertically), and these bits are XOR'd with the initial propagate after the input (the red boxes) to produce the sum bits. E.g., the first (least-significant) sum bit is calculated by XORing the propagate in the farthest-right red box (a "1") with the carry-in (a "0"), producing a "1". The second bit is calculated by XORing the propagate in second box from the right (a "0") with C0 (a "0"), producing a "0".

4-bit Kogge-Stone adder, Radix-2, without Cin:

'Step 0
P00 = A0 XOR B0              '1dt, S0, dt - type delay time 
G00 = A0 AND B0              '1dt, C0             
P10 = A1 XOR B1              '1dt 
G10 = A1 AND B1              '1dt
P20 = A2 XOR B2              '1dt
G20 = A2 AND B2              '1dt
P30 = A3 XOR B3              '1dt
G30 = A3 AND B3              '1dt
'Step 1, Distance=Radix^(Step-1)=2^0=1, valency-2 
G11 = G10 OR P10 AND G00     '3dt, C1
P21 = P20 AND P10            '2dt
G21 = G20 OR P20 AND G10     '3dt
P31 = P30 AND P20            '2dt
G31 = G30 OR P30 AND G20     '3dt
'Step 2, Distance=Radix^(Step-1)=2^1=2, valency-2
G22 = G21 OR P21 AND G00     '4dt, C2
G32 = G31 OR P31 AND G11     '5dt, C3
'Sum
S1 = P10 XOR G00             '2dt
S2 = P20 XOR G11             '4dt 
S3 = P30 XOR G22             '5dt

4-bit PPA valency-2,3,4 adder (is 4-bit CLA valency-2,3,4 adder and 4-bit Sklansky valency-2,3,4 adder and 4-bit Kogge-Stone valency-2,3,4 adder and 4-bit Beaumont-Smith valency-2,3,4 adder):

P00 = A0 XOR B0                    '1dt, S0
G00 = A0 AND B0                    '1dt, C0
P10 = A1 XOR B1                    '1dt
G10 = A1 AND B1                    '1dt
P20 = A2 XOR B2                    '1dt
G20 = A2 AND B2                    '1dt
P30 = A3 XOR B3                    '1dt
G30 = A3 AND B3                    '1dt

G11 = G10 OR_
      P10 AND G00                  '3dt, C1, valency-2, distance-1
G21 = G20 OR_
      P20 AND G10 OR_
      P20 AND P10 AND G00          '3dt, C2, valency-3, distance-1,2
G31 = G30 OR_
      P30 AND G20 OR_
      P30 AND P20 AND G10 OR_
      P30 AND P20 AND P10 AND G00  '3dt, C3, valency-4, distance-1,2,3

S0 = P00                           '1dt
S1 = P10 XOR G00                   '2dt
S2 = P20 XOR G11                   '4dt
S3 = P30 XOR G21                   '4dt

4-bit Kogge-Stone adder, Radix-2, with Cin:

G0a = A0 AND Cin             '1dt
G0b = B0 AND Cin             '1dt 
G0c = A0 AND B0              '1dt

P00 = A0 XOR B0              '1dt
G00 = G0a OR G0b OR G0c      '2dt, C0    
P10 = A1 XOR B1              '1dt  
G10 = A1 AND B1              '1dt  
P20 = A2 XOR B2              '1dt 
G20 = A2 AND B2              '1dt
P30 = A3 XOR B3              '1dt 
G30 = A3 AND B3              '1dt

G11 = G10 OR P10 AND G00     '4dt, C1 
P21 = P20 AND P10            '2dt
G21 = G20 OR  P20 AND G10    '3dt
P31 = P30 AND P20            '2dt   
G31 = G30 OR P30 AND G20     '3dt

G22 = G21 OR P21 AND G00     '5dt, C2 
G32 = G31 OR P31 AND G11     '6dt, C3, Cout 

S0 = P00 XOR Cin             '2dt
S1 = P10 XOR G00             '3dt
S2 = P20 XOR G11             '5dt
S3 = P30 XOR G22             '6dt

8-bit Kogge-Stone adder, valency-2, radix-4:

P00 = A0 XOR B0              '1dt, S0
G00 = A0 AND B0              '1dt, C0
P10 = A1 XOR B1              '1dt  
G10 = A1 AND B1              '1dt 
P20 = A2 XOR B2              '1dt
G20 = A2 AND B2              '1dt 
P30 = A3 XOR B3              '1dt
G30 = A3 AND B3              '1dt
P40 = A4 XOR B4              '1dt
G40 = A4 AND B4              '1dt
P50 = A5 XOR B5              '1dt
G50 = A5 AND B5              '1dt  
P60 = A6 XOR B6              '1dt
G60 = A6 AND B6              '1dt
P70 = A7 XOR B7              '1dt
G70 = A7 AND B7              '1dt

G11 = G10 OR P10 AND G00     '3dt, C1
P21 = P20 AND P10            '2dt
G21 = G20 OR P20 AND G10     '3dt
P31 = P30 AND P20            '2dt
G31 = G30 OR P30 AND G20     '3dt
P41 = P40 AND P30            '2dt 
G41 = G40 OR P40 AND G30     '3dt
P51 = P50 AND P40            '2dt
G51 = G50 OR P50 AND G40     '3dt
P61 = P60 AND P50            '2dt
G61 = G60 OR P60 AND G50     '3dt
P71 = P70 AND P60            '2dt
G71 = G70 OR P70 AND G60     '3dt

G22 = G21 OR P21 AND G00     '5dt, C2
G32 = G31 OR P31 AND G11     '5dt, C3
P42 = P41 AND P21            '4dt
G42 = G41 OR P41 AND G21     '5dt
P52 = P51 AND P31            '4dt 
G52 = G51 OR P51 AND G31     '5dt
P62 = P61 AND P41            '4dt
G62 = G61 OR P61 AND G41     '5dt
P72 = P71 AND P51            '4dt
G72 = G71 OR P71 AND G51     '5dt

G43 = G42 OR P42 AND G00     '7dt, C4
G53 = G52 OR P52 AND G11     '7dt, C5
G63 = G62 OR P62 AND G22     '7dt, C6
G73 = G72 OR P72 AND G32     '7dt, C7, Cout

S0 = P00                     '1dt
S1 = P10 XOR G00             '2dt
S2 = P20 XOR G11             '4dt
S3 = P30 XOR G22             '6dt
S4 = P40 XOR G32             '6dt
S5 = P50 XOR G43             '8dt
S6 = P60 XOR G53             '8dt
S7 = P70 XOR G63             '8dt

8-bit Kogge-Stone adder, valency-2,3,4, radix-4:

P00 = A0 XOR B0                    '1dt, S0
G00 = A0 AND B0                    '1dt, C0
P10 = A1 XOR B1                    '1dt
G10 = A1 AND B1                    '1dt
P20 = A2 XOR B2                    '1dt
G20 = A2 AND B2                    '1dt
P30 = A3 XOR B3                    '1dt
G30 = A3 AND B3                    '1dt
P40 = A4 XOR B4                    '1dt
G40 = A4 AND B4                    '1dt
P50 = A5 XOR B5                    '1dt
G50 = A5 AND B5                    '1dt
P60 = A6 XOR B6                    '1dt
G60 = A6 AND B6                    '1dt
P70 = A7 XOR B7                    '1dt
G70 = A7 AND B7                    '1dt

G11 = G10 OR P10 AND G00           '3dt, C1, valency-2, distance=4^0=1
G21 = G20 OR_
      P20 AND G10 OR_
      P20 AND P10 AND G00          '3dt, C2, valency-3, distance-1,2
G31 = G30 OR_
      P30 AND G20 OR_
      P30 AND P20 AND G10 OR_
      P30 AND P20 AND P10 AND G00  '3dt, C3, valency-4, distance-1,2,3
P41 = P40 AND P30 AND P20 AND P10  '2dt,     valency-4, distance-1,2,3 
G41 = G40 OR_
      P40 AND G30 OR_
      P40 AND P30 AND G20 OR_
      P40 AND P30 AND P20 AND G10  '3dt,     valency-4, distance-1,2,3 
P51 = P50 AND P40 AND P30 AND P20  '2dt,     valency-4, distance-1,2,3 
G51 = G50 OR_
      P50 AND G40 OR_
      P50 AND P40 AND G30 OR_
      P50 AND P40 AND P30 AND G20  '3dt,     valency-4, distance-1,2,3 
P61 = P60 AND P50 AND P40 AND P30  '2dt,     valency-4, distance-1,2,3 
G61 = G60 OR_
      P60 AND G50 OR_
      P60 AND P50 AND G40 OR_
      P60 AND P50 AND P40 AND G30  '3dt,     valency-4, distance-1,2,3 
P71 = P70 AND P60 AND P50 AND P40  '2dt,     valency-4, distance-1,2,3 
G71 = G70 OR_
      P70 AND G60 OR_
      P70 AND P60 AND G50 OR_
      P70 AND P60 AND P50 AND G40  '3dt,     valency-4, distance-1,2,3 
'valency=2, distance=4^1=4
G42 = G41 OR P41 AND G00           '5dt, C4 
G52 = G51 OR P51 AND G11           '5dt, C5 
G62 = G61 OR P61 AND G21           '5dt, C6  
G72 = G71 OR P71 AND G31           '5dt, C7  

S0 = P00                           '1dt
S1 = P10 XOR G00                   '2dt
S2 = P20 XOR G11                   '4dt
S3 = P30 XOR G21                   '4dt
S4 = P40 XOR G31                   '6dt
S5 = P50 XOR G42                   '6dt
S6 = P60 XOR G52                   '6dt
S7 = P70 XOR G62                   '6dt

8-bit PPA valency-2,3,4,5,6,7,8 adder (is 8-bit CLA valency-2,3,4,5,6,7,8 adder and 8-bit Sklansky valency-2,3,4,5,6,7,8 adder and 8-bit Kogge-Stone valency-2,3,4,5,6,7,8 adder):

P00 = A0 XOR B0                    '1dt, S0
G00 = A0 AND B0                    '1dt, C0
P10 = A1 XOR B1                    '1dt
G10 = A1 AND B1                    '1dt
P20 = A2 XOR B2                    '1dt
G20 = A2 AND B2                    '1dt
P30 = A3 XOR B3                    '1dt
G30 = A3 AND B3                    '1dt
P40 = A4 XOR B4                    '1dt
G40 = A4 AND B4                    '1dt
P50 = A5 XOR B5                    '1dt
G50 = A5 AND B5                    '1dt
P60 = A6 XOR B6                    '1dt
G60 = A6 AND B6                    '1dt
P70 = A7 XOR B7                    '1dt
G70 = A7 AND B7                    '1dt
'------------------------------------------
G11 = G10 OR P10 AND G00           '3dt, C1, valency-2, distance-1
G21 = G20 OR_                      '3dt, C2, valency-3, distance-1,2
      P20 AND G10 OR_
      P20 AND P10 AND G00
G31 = G30 OR_                      '3dt, C3, valency-4, distance-1,2,3
      P30 AND G20 OR_
      P30 AND P20 AND G10 OR_
      P30 AND P20 AND P10 AND G00
G41 = G40 OR_                      '3dt, C4, valency-5, distance-1,2,3,4
      P40 AND G30 OR_
      P40 AND P30 AND G20 OR_
      P40 AND P30 AND P20 AND G10 OR_
      P40 AND P30 AND P20 AND P10 AND G00
G51 = G50 OR_                      '3dt, C5, valency-6, distance-1,2,3,4,5 
      P50 AND G40 OR_             
      P50 AND P40 AND G30 OR_
      P50 AND P40 AND P30 AND G20 OR_
      P50 AND P40 AND P30 AND P20 AND G10 OR_
      P50 AND P40 AND P30 AND P20 AND P10 AND G00
G61 = G60 OR_                      '3dt, C6, valency-7, distance-1,2,3,4,5,6
      P60 AND G50 OR_             
      P60 AND P50 AND G40 OR_
      P60 AND P50 AND P40 AND G30 OR_
      P60 AND P50 AND P40 AND P30 AND G20 OR_
      P60 AND P50 AND P40 AND P30 AND P20 AND G10 OR_
      P60 AND P50 AND P40 AND P30 AND P20 AND P10 AND G00
G71 = G70 OR_                      '3dt, C7, valency-8, distance-1,2,3,4,5,6,7
      P70 AND G60 OR_             
      P70 AND P60 AND G50 OR_
      P70 AND P60 AND P50 AND G40 OR_
      P70 AND P60 AND P50 AND P40 AND G30 OR_
      P70 AND P60 AND P50 AND P40 AND P30 AND G20 OR_
      P70 AND P60 AND P50 AND P40 AND P30 AND P20 AND G10 OR_
      P70 AND P60 AND P50 AND P40 AND P30 AND P20 AND P10 AND G00
'--------------------------------------
S0 = P00                           '1dt
S1 = P10 XOR G00                   '2dt
S2 = P20 XOR G11                   '4dt
S3 = P30 XOR G21                   '4dt
S4 = P40 XOR G31                   '4dt
S5 = P50 XOR G41                   '4dt
S6 = P60 XOR G51                   '4dt
S7 = P70 XOR G61                   '4dt

8-bit PPA valency-2,3,4,5,6,7,8 adder:

P00 = A0 XOR B0                    '1dt, S0
G00 = A0 AND B0                    '1dt, C0
P10 = A1 XOR B1                    '1dt
G10 = A1 AND B1                    '1dt
P20 = A2 XOR B2                    '1dt
G20 = A2 AND B2                    '1dt
P30 = A3 XOR B3                    '1dt
G30 = A3 AND B3                    '1dt
P40 = A4 XOR B4                    '1dt
G40 = A4 AND B4                    '1dt
P50 = A5 XOR B5                    '1dt
G50 = A5 AND B5                    '1dt
P60 = A6 XOR B6                    '1dt
G60 = A6 AND B6                    '1dt
P70 = A7 XOR B7                    '1dt
G70 = A7 AND B7                    '1dt

S1 =  P10 XOR G00
S2 =  P20 XOR G10 OR P10 AND G00   '4dt, valency-2, distance-1
S3 =  P30 XOR G20 OR_              '4dt, valency-3, distance-1,2
      P20 AND G10 OR_
      P20 AND P10 AND G00
S4 =  P40 XOR G30 OR_              '4dt, valency-4, distance-1,2,3
      P30 AND G20 OR_
      P30 AND P20 AND G10 OR_
      P30 AND P20 AND P10 AND G00
S5 =  P50 XOR G40 OR_              '4dt, valency-5, distance-1,2,3,4
      P40 AND G30 OR_
      P40 AND P30 AND G20 OR_
      P40 AND P30 AND P20 AND G10 OR_
      P40 AND P30 AND P20 AND P10 AND G00
S6 =  P60 XOR G50 OR_              '4dt, valency-6, distance-1,2,3,4,5
      P50 AND G40 OR_
      P50 AND P40 AND G30 OR_
      P50 AND P40 AND P30 AND G20 OR_
      P50 AND P40 AND P30 AND P20 AND G10 OR_
      P50 AND P40 AND P30 AND P20 AND P10 AND G00
S7 =  P70 XOR G60 OR_              '4dt, valency-7, distance-1,2,3,4,5,6
      P60 AND G50 OR_
      P60 AND P50 AND G40 OR_
      P60 AND P50 AND P40 AND G30 OR_
      P60 AND P50 AND P40 AND P30 AND G20 OR_
      P60 AND P50 AND P40 AND P30 AND P20 AND G10 OR_
      P60 AND P50 AND P40 AND P30 AND P20 AND P10 AND G00
G71 = G70 OR_                      '3dt, C7, valency-8, distance-1,2,3,4,5,6,7
      P70 AND G60 OR_
      P70 AND P60 AND G50 OR_
      P70 AND P60 AND P50 AND G40 OR_
      P70 AND P60 AND P50 AND P40 AND G30 OR_
      P70 AND P60 AND P50 AND P40 AND P30 AND G20 OR_
      P70 AND P60 AND P50 AND P40 AND P30 AND P20 AND G10 OR_
      P70 AND P60 AND P50 AND P40 AND P30 AND P20 AND P10 AND G00

The Kogge-Stone adder concept was developed by Peter M. Kogge and Harold S. Stone, who published it in a seminal 1973 paper titled A Parallel Algorithm for the Efficient Solution of a General Class of Recurrence Equations.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kogge–Stone adder

What is the Russian for stone adder? Translation of &#39stone adder&#39 to Russian